2008年11月10日
whether跟if 的差別
V. whether跟if 的差別
whether的意思比較接近中文的「(究竟)要不要,會不會」,所以在「決定/表態」上的意味較強烈。而if的意思則比較接近中文的「是否」,相形之下,較具「猶豫」的意味,這也是為什麼在具「決定」或「(逼迫)表態」意味的動詞或子句之後我們必須使用whether子句而非if子句的原因。
下面是whether跟if用法的主要差別:
1. 做為主詞時
做為主詞或句子的起頭時,只能使用whether子句,不能使用if子句。
Whether he will come (or not) doesn’t concern me.
他來不來我才不管。
2. 做為動詞受詞時
做為動詞受詞,或是在某些具有「疑惑」、「疑問」、或「不確定」意味的子句,如be not sure, not certain...等之後,我們可以使用whether子句,也可以使用if子句。
Please tell me whether/if I have passed the test (or not).
請告訴我,我到底有沒有/是否通過測驗。
I wonder whether/if you have got any jobs for me to do today.
不知您今天是否有工作可讓我做。
I am not sure whether/if I can come (or not).
我不確定我是否能來。
He asked me whether/if I will go to the party.
他問我是否會去參加晚會。
3. 做為be動詞的補語時
只能用whether子句。
The question is whether to go with the resolution or not.
問題是要不要照這個決議去做。
The central theme of the debate is whether this will be our last nuclear power plant.
此一辯論的中心主題是,這到底是不是我們最後的一個核電廠。
4. 做為介系詞的受詞時
只能用whether子句。
We are concerned about whether he has entered for the contest (or not).
我們很關心他是否已報名參加比賽。
We are not interested in whether they will win the championship, but rather, whether they will beat the Japanese team.
我們對於他們能否贏得冠軍並不感興趣,我們比較感興趣的倒是他們能否擊敗日本隊。
5. 做為具有「決定」意味的動詞之受詞時
像discuss, decide, determine之類的動詞由於具有「決定(究竟要不要)」的意味,因此傾向於採用「表態」意味較強烈的whether。
Let market forces determine whether this policy is right.
讓市場力量來決定這個政策是否正確吧。
The directors shall meet next week to discuss/decide whether to continue supporting your project or not.
董事會下週將集會討論/決定是否繼續支持你的計劃。
6. 有「選擇」時
如果所要接的是「選擇題」而非(or not)的「是非題」,我們多用whether而非if來接。
I am not sure whether she will buy the diamond one or the gold one.
我不曉得她會買那個鑽石的還是那個黃金的(戒指....等)。
We want to know whether this is the last of our current nuclear power plant projects, or just the first of another series.
我們想知道,這到底是我們現有核電廠計劃中的最後一個,還是另一系列核電廠計劃的第一個。
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